The Role of Artificial Hearts and Mechanical Circulatory Support

Artificial hearts and mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices play a crucial role in treating patients with end-stage heart failure who are awaiting a heart transplant or are ineligible for one. These advanced technologies help maintain blood circulation and improve survival rates in critically ill patients. A total artificial heart (TAH) is a device that completely replaces the heart, taking over both pumping functions of the ventricles. It is used for patients with severe biventricular failure who cannot survive with traditional therapies. Modern TAHs, such as the SynCardia Total Artificial Heart, provide a temporary or long-term solution for patients waiting for a transplant. More commonly, ventricular assist devices (VADs) support the failing heart by assisting either the left ventricle (LVAD), right ventricle (RVAD), or both (BiVAD). LVADs, such as the HeartMate 3, help pump blood from the left ventricle to the aorta, relieving strain on the heart. These devices can be a bridge to transplant (BTT) or a destination therapy (DT) for patients who are not eligible for transplantation. Although artificial hearts and VADs improve survival and quality of life, complications like blood clots, infections, and device malfunctions require careful monitoring. Advances in technology continue to enhance their safety and effectiveness, offering new hope for heart failure patients.

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