Hypertension

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a chronic condition in which the force of blood against the artery walls remains consistently too high. It is a major risk factor for heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and other serious health issues. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is expressed as two numbers: systolic pressure (the force when the heart beats) over diastolic pressure (the force when the heart rests between beats). A normal reading is typically around 120/80 mmHg, while hypertension is diagnosed when readings consistently exceed 130/80 mmHg. There are two main types of hypertension: primary (essential) hypertension, which develops gradually over time without a specific cause, and secondary hypertension, which results from underlying conditions such as kidney disease, hormonal disorders, or certain medications. Risk factors include genetics, obesity, high salt intake, stress, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and a sedentary lifestyle. Hypertension is often called a “silent killer” because it may not cause noticeable symptoms until it leads to complications. Management includes lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, stress reduction, and medication when necessary. Regular blood pressure monitoring is crucial for early detection and effective control.

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