Heart Transplant Complications

A heart transplant is a life-saving procedure for patients with end-stage heart failure, but it comes with potential complications that require careful management. These complications can be immediate, short-term, or long-term and may impact the success of the transplant. One of the most serious risks is organ rejection, where the immune system attacks the new heart. To prevent this, patients take lifelong immunosuppressive medications, but these drugs increase susceptibility to infections by weakening the immune response. Graft failure, where the transplanted heart does not function properly, can occur early (primary graft dysfunction) or later due to chronic rejection. Other complications include coronary allograft vasculopathy (CAV), a condition where the coronary arteries narrow over time, leading to heart failure or sudden cardiac arrest. Kidney damage is another concern, as immunosuppressants can harm kidney function. Patients may also experience high blood pressure, diabetes, and weight gain due to medication side effects. Psychological challenges, such as anxiety and depression, can affect transplant recipients as they adjust to lifelong medical care. Regular monitoring, adherence to medications, and a healthy lifestyle are essential to minimizing complications and ensuring the long-term success of a heart transplant.

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